Houseflies (Musca domestica) are one of the most commonly encountered pests indoors in the United States. Belonging to the Muscidae family of flies, houseflies are of particular concern to humans as they have been found to harbor more than 100 pathogenic organisms. While they may seem harmless, fly infestations can pose serious health risks as they can carry bacteria and contaminate surfaces, especially in food-handling areas.
Houseflies regurgitate saliva onto solid foods to effectively liquefy the material, and then they use their sponging mouth parts to ingest their meal. When a fly lands or rests on a surface, it defecates and regurgitates on it. It’s this feature, along with their many body hairs, which trap and carry bacteria that make them well adapted for mechanically transmitting disease. Some diseases that houseflies are suspected of spreading to humans include salmonellosis, dysentery, cholera, diarrhea, typhoid fever, and many more.
Similar in appearance to other types of flies, like flesh flies and cluster flies, houseflies can be identified by the four narrow black stripes found on the thorax (part between the neck and abdomen).